
Which stage of shock encompasses mechanical ventilation, altered level of consciousness, and profound acidosis?
Progressive
Compensatory
Irreversible
Precompensatory
When the nurse observes that the client's systolic blood pressure is less than 80 mm Hg, respirations are rapid and shallow, heart rate is over 150 beats per minute, and urine output is less than 30 cc/hour, the nurse recognizes that the client is demonstrating which stage of shock?
Progressive
Compensatory
Refractory
Irreversible
Which colloid solution is used to treat tissue hypoperfusion due to hemorrhage?
Hypertonic saline
Albumin
Dextran
Lactated Ringer solution
A client is being cared for in the Neurological Intensive Care Unit following a spinal cord injury. Which assessment finding indicates that the client may be experiencing neurogenic shock?
Shortness of breath
HR, 48 bpm; BP, 90/60 mm Hg
HR, 120 bpm; BP, 88/58 mm Hg
Cool, moist skin
The nurse recognizes that many risk factors exist for the development of hypovolemic shock. Which are considered "internal" risk factors? Select all that apply.
Diarrhea
Trauma
Burns
Dehydration
Vomiting
Which positioning strategy should be used for a client diagnosed with hypovolemic shock?
Prone
Supine
Modified Trendelenburg
Semi-Fowler
Which pulse pressure indicates shock?
120/90 mm HG
130/80 mm HG
90/70 mm HG
100/60 mm HG
Bradypnea is associated with which condition?
Pulmonary edema
Pneumonia
Metabolic acidosis
Increased intracranial pressure
Which diagnostic imaging modality is more accurate than computed tomography in detecting malignancies?
MRI
Pulmonary angiography
PET
Gallium scan
A nurse is caring for a client after a thoracentesis. Which sign, if noted in the client, should be reported to the physician immediately?
"Client has subcutaneous emphysema around needle insertion site."
"Client is becoming agitated and complains of pleuritic pain."
"Client has oxygen saturation of 93%."
"Client is drowsy and complains of headache."
The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a lobectomy. Following the procedure, the nurse will plan care based on the client
returning from surgery with no drainage tubes.
requiring sedation until the chest tube(s) are removed.
returning to the nursing unit with two chest tubes.
requiring mechanical ventilation following surgery.
A client involved in a motor vehicle crash suffered a penetrating injury to the chest wall and was brought to the emergency department. The nurse assesses the client for which clinical manifestation that would indicate the presence of a pneumothorax?
Decreased respiratory rate
Diminished breath sounds
Bloody, productive cough
Sucking sound at the site of injury
Which statement reflects treatment of HIV infection?
Treatment of HIV infection for an individual client is based on the client's clinical condition, CD4 T cell count, and HIV RNA (viral load).
Treatment should be offered to all clients once they reach CDC category B: HIV symptomatic.
Treatment should be offered to only select clients once they reach CDC category B: HIV symptomatic.
Treatment should be offered to clients with plasma HIV RNA levels less than 55,000 copies/mL (RT-PCR assay).
The nurse is performing a community screening for colorectal cancer. Which characteristic should the nurse include in the screening?
Age younger than 40 years
History of skin cancer
Familial polyposis
Low-fat, low-protein, high-fiber diet
The client with a spinal cord injury at the level of T4 is experiencing a severe throbbing headache with a blood pressure of 180/100 mm Hg. What is the priority nursing intervention?
Notify the neurologist.
Loosen tight clothing on the client.
Place the client in a sitting position.
Check the urinary catheter tubing for kinks or obstruction.
The nurse has provided instructions to a client receiving external radiation therapy. Which client statement would indicate a need for further instruction regarding self-care related to the radiation therapy to treat lung cancer?
"I need to eat a high-protein diet."
"I need to avoid exposure to sunlight."
"I need to wash my skin with a mild soap and pat dry."
"I need to apply pressure on the irritated area by wearing snug clothing to prevent bleeding."
The nurse has provided discharge instructions to the client who has had a pneumonectomy for lung cancer. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates an understanding of appropriate home care measures?
"I need to restrict my fluid intake for 2 weeks."
"I need to perform arm exercises 2 or 3 times a day."
"If I experience any soreness in my chest or shoulder, I would notify the primary health care provider."
"If I experience any numbness or altered sensation around the incision, I would contact the primary health care provider."
A client who had a myocardial infarction is at risk for cardiogenic shock. The nurse plans care knowing that the primary cause of cardiogenic shock results from which process?
A pump failure and reduction in cardiac output
A physical obstruction that decreases filling or outflow of blood
Dilated vasculature decreasing the movement of blood to the body
Loss of vasoconstrictor tone, leading to pooling of blood in vessels
The nurse is assisting in caring for a client with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The nurse understands that which intervention is most important in the care of clients with this syndrome?
Treatment of the infection
Maintaining tissue oxygenation
Prevention and early identification
Supporting the failing organ systems
Which clinical findings are consistent with sepsis diagnostic criteria? Select all that apply.
Urine output 50 mL/hr
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Temperature of 102° F (38.9° C)
Heart rate of 96 beats per minute
Mean arterial pressure 65 mm Hg
Systolic blood pressure 110 mm Hg