MED SURG II - EXAM #1 MEDS, SURGERY

The repair instead of replacement of the cardiac valve. Recommonded treatment.

Reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, reducing stimulation of the heart. Reduction in HR slowed the conduction of impulses through the conduction system, decreased BP, and reduced the force of the contraction Do not give in to those with asthma. Those with diabetes should be instructed to monitor blood glucose levels as this med masks the signs of hypoglycemia

Are more accepted by the body, but often do not last as long. Also, have a higher chance of recurrence of symptoms

Small, portable recorders, that the patient usually wears at home for 24-48 hours. The patient is asked to keep a diary of the symptoms and activities to match with the ECG

Prevent platelet aggregation and subsequent thrombosis, which impedes blood flow through the coronary arteries.

Fatty deposits are surgically removed from the walls of a narrowed artery

Type of valvuloplasty where the repair is made to commissures between the leaflets.

are clot-dissolving drugs that break the blockage apart

Decrease sinoatrial node automaticity and AV node conduction, resulting in a slower HR and a decrease in the strength of myocardial contraction (negative inotropic effect), decreasing the workload on the heart. Also, increase oxygen supply by dilating the smooth muscle wall of the coronary arterioles. Decrease myocardial oxygen demand by reducing systemic arterial pressure and workload on the left ventricle

Transmission of radio waves from a battery operated transmitter to a central base of monitors

Insertions of a long, thin catheter into the blocked or narrowed part of the artery. A second catheter with a deflated balloon on its tip is then passed through the catheter to the narrowed area. The balloon is then inflated, compressing the deposits against the artery walls. The stent is then usually left in the artery to hold it open

Type of valvuloplasty where the repair is to the valve annulus, resulting in the narrowing of the valve orifice. Cardiopulmonary bypass is required for most.

Used to record and store the ECG during times when the patient is experiencing symptoms. The patients press a button to activate the system.

Higher risk of blood clots and patients often are on long-term anticoagulants. However, they do last much longer.

Used for those who are cognitively impaired and unable to follow directions. Or are physically disabled and unlikely to achieve their target heart rate by exercising. It uses vasodilating agents such as dipyridamole, adenosine, and regadenoson, and is given by IV infusion to mimic the effects of exercise by maximally dilating normal coronary arteries and identifying stenotic arteries that cannot dilate.

Prevents the formation of new blood clots, and reduces the occurence of MI.

A surgical technique involves insertion into a blood vessel of a small balloon that is led via a catheter to the narrowed site and then inflated. May also be done to widen a stenotic valve

Reduces the plaque buildup within an artery using a cutting device or laser

Standard treatment for angina. A potent vasodilator that improves blood flow to the heart muscle and relieves pain. Dilates primarily the veins, and to a lesser extent, the arteries. Resulting in less blood return to the heart, and filling pressure (preload) is reduced. They also relax the systemic arteriolar bed, lowering BP and decreasing afterload. Can take 3 sublingual tabs every 5 minutes, and if the pain is not relieved call 911

Used to continuously observe the heart for arrhythmias and conduction disorders

Various procedures use a puncture or small incision to place catheters inside a blood vessel to repair it or insert a device and have replaced a large proportion of open surgical approaches.

Valve Replacements are preferred for patients with valves with anatomy which decreases the chance of success with this repair. Replacement can be done with mechanical or biological valves